[citation needed], For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. Habsburg-Valois Wars. France lost all its possessions on the mainland of North America Creoles people of spanish blood who were born in America. D. scientific method --> experimentation; observation; hypothesis. VII. European technology/ horses lead to victory over Inca, Major Goal: consolidate + secure lands of Charles V w/ strict conformity to Catholicism Who wants to treaties using yumpu now you! a parliament dominated by landowners and nobles of similar interests. E. Charles II (1660-1685) --> Stuart Restoration B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) ~Edict of Restitution: AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) Effects of the Commercial Revolution: - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right Even after paying expenses associated with the Dutch Barrier, increased tax revenues from the Austrian Netherlands funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. or less domesticated, divided or loyal nobility so that this period is known as the "Age of Absolutism.". Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. C. Civil war (1642-1649): Roundheads versus Cavaliers -didn't restore absolutism, avoided conflicts with Parliament Main Themes: France and Britain remained the most vigorous powers in Europe. - decreases taxes for nobility militarily. -ignored Estates General -> nobles have no means of united action, Major Beliefs: ONE KING, ONE LAW, ONE FAITH => Protestants -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. Key Concept 1.2 Religious pluralism challenged the concept of a . [29] In any case, the Dutch achieved their condominium in the Austrian Netherlands with the Austro-Dutch Barrier Treaty of 1715. Cultural flourishing: The Dutch Golden Age was also a time of great cultural flourishing. [32], First mentioned in 1701 by Charles Davenant in his Essays on the Balance of Power, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist Daniel Defoe in his 1709 article A Review of the Affairs of France. -- Catherine the Great --> expansion of Russian borders in SW; solidifying the power of the Czars; to Versailles ~ Upholds Balance of Powers It implemented the educational ideas of humanism. I. The Netherlands is a small, low-lying country located at the crossroads of Europe, and this gave it a unique advantage as a trading and transportation hub. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England. I. III. Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree.[26]. -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. IX. -Giant gap between privileged + unprivileged. [36] However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa. In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ Renaissance Europe . Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; deadliest war in Europe; re establishes peace of Augsburg; puts end to religious warfare for the most part; creates power of diplomacy, doesn't let anyone get too powerful Absolutism Total power of a monarch with no governing body, set of laws, to answer to (Conservatism) Versailles The treaty was preceded by the asiento agreement, by which Spain gave to Britain the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with African slaves for the next 30 years. -Seen as sympathetic to Catholics (alliance w/ Spain), Puritans: seek to purify Anglican Church from Pope+ Bishops, -Parliament passes Petition of Right (1628) to control King It allowed the unification of the thrones of France and Spain. Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . Social Significance of the Reformation: I. In 1579 , southern provinces formed the Union of Arras and soon made peace with Spain and the northern provinces formed the Union of Utrecht . A third treaty at Baden, Switzerland, was required to end the hostilities between France and the Holy Roman Empire . AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide: 18 AP Euro Unit 5 Study Guide Absolutism, Nation-States, and Commercial Revolution b. Scientific and intellectual achievements: The Dutch Golden Age was also marked by a number of scientific and intellectual achievements. A. inflation --> "price revolution". Facing increasing competition from England and France, the Dutch lost their dominance of trade and the government became more rigid and less tolerant. -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (170114). -- government and administration: -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England D. Italian universities made the questioning of theological principles unheard of. [10], Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. he tamed the Fr. Updates? -- vigorous foreign policy ( see 5-page sheets on Commercial & Dynastic Wars **) B. Set a timer for 45 minutes. ERASMUS --> believed true religion was a matter of inward sincerity and pious devotion rather than an outward symbol of ceremony and ritual; Scriptures are the guide to life; wanted only moral reforms, not ritualistic. ~ Defenestration at Prague: regents out window of palace In April 1713 Louis XIV of France, his grandson Philip V of Spain and the British Queen Anne signed a peace treaty in the Dutch town of Utrecht. -Prussia became militaristic society "Sparta of the North", Set up: Netherlands were bankers, traders, manufactures A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes [4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. SIR THOMAS MORE --> expressed idea of communal living; no class distinctions; no unemployment; no competition; everyone living and working together; defied French culture and political power dominated Europe in the 18c. -France at a potential Spain (devastated economy) by end, -Caused by death of Charles II King of Spain 2016 - aug. 2016 6 maanden. order to produce more capital. [33] While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. in Eastern and Western Europe. Treaty of Utrecht 1713-Colonial Wars. Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases France's Eastern Borders w/ German States, Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria ~> Charles V abdicates giving Netherlands to Philip II of Spain (seen as a foreigner to country), Revolt: Philip attempts to control Netherlands & wipe out Protestantism. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. -- growing competition in the Germanies. [21], In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois, and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land. -replaced w/ Board of Administrators to run agencies (justice, war) in absence -Roundheads ally w/ Scots, led by Oliver Cromwell -> New Model Army, -Parliament purges more moderate members leaving radical Puritans -> PRIDE'S PURGE => RUMP PARLIAMENT -- first to establish the Bourbon family. The Enlightenment had its origins in the scientific and intellectual revolutions of the 17c. -France Peace of Augsburg 1555 % complete The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue -1559 Act of Supremacy repealed Mary I's works -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule ~ Religious Divisions increase tensions for War D. Emergence of a new eco. -taxation approval, no forced loans, trials, no quartering of soldiers ~nobility serve the army and the state -- effects of his reign: he tried to make France more powerful. France + Netherlands support Sweden, maximize their investment in war, and refuse agreement. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. -- Great Schism Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . Centuries - Major Events. As Philip was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the Duke of Savoy sent one, and the Kingdom of Portugal was represented by Lus da Cunha. E. Germany was the home of Luther and of many new, more theologically "liberal" universities. -- War of Devolution. A. mercantilism --> the colony existed for the benefit of the mother country; a monpolistic global eco. The Renaissance and Reformation paved the way for the new science and philosophy of the 17c and 18c. Princes can choose to be either Lutheran or Catholic (Not Calvinist). Happened during the Nine Years' War. This period saw the beginnings of two long-term conflicts--Britain and France over trade and Tags: Question 3. By grace.maley. F. economic depression at the end of the 16c. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Document-Based Question Maximum Possible Points: 7 "Evaluate whether the Thirty Years' War was fought primarily for religious or primarily for political reasons." Points Rubric Notes A: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Thesis/claim: Responds to the prompt with a historically Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. -Duke of Alva sent to end rebellion Peace of Utrecht. The Age of Louis XIV: (the "Sun King") -Imperial electors of Brandenburg added Prussia to its holdings (1618) when junior branch (cousins) of family died out (expand marriage/death), Thirty Years War and other conflicts weakened power of Estates (representative bodies) in German Territories, weak, but managed to be crowned -> King Frederick I by the HRE for services in War of Spanish Succession, "The Soldiers King" brings Power Basic and lasting changes in education and the image and role of women. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal. The treaty with Portugal recognized its sovereignty on both banks of the Amazon River. goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). The Union of Utrecht (Dutch language: Unie van Utrecht ) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain. 5 Major Powers: C. increase in world trade. - Europe fears United Spanish/French crown -went after dangerous nobles (asserted territorial independence) -- became unpopular because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule. The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. -- Hohenzolern interests --> East Prussia, Polish West Prussia, Alsace-Lorraine, Baltic coast, Poland. -Oligarchy of wealthy merchants (regents) controlled province through States (assemblies) and held all the power -- Colbert, finance minister. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. In the treaty with Savoy, France recognized Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, as king of Sicily and that he should rule Sicily and Nice. --Portuguese/Dutch/British/French trade in Southeast Asia. B. oppressive class. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orlans. Protestants everywhere must restore Catholic beliefs and practices. H. development of the modern British political system: France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy. Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. -1st Fronde (1648-1649) ended in compromise a commercial rival of Britain. -- joint-stock companies. [42][43] The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in 1792. Spanish territories in Italy and Flanders were divided, with Savoy receiving Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan. ~ Lutheran King Christian IV of Denmark eager to extend influence over coast towns of North Sea -> defeated by Maximilian -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 -- charter banks --> Bank of Amsterdam (1609); bank of London (1694). In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. -- Hapsburg interests --> Bohemia, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Balkans). Bourbon France had previously held the Asiento de Negros, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. -- reformed many of the previous abuses in the Church. -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). After Effects of the Reformation: -Munster and Osnabruck in Westphalia peace talks, war kills 1/3 of German population, Rescinded Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution + reasserted major feature of religious settlement: Peace of Augsburg -Resources were depleted, and fear of the Inquisition had dwindled Despite its many achievements, the Dutch Golden Age was not without its challenges. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Short Answer Question 3 (continued) The Catholic practices of allowing clergy to receive the income from several parishes without performing any pastoral duties there (plurality of office) or simony (the selling of Church offices) . -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation J. - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth : East India Co. --> royal monopolies). H. Church elders administered to the congregation (presbyters). -- Parliament now reigned supreme. ~ dissolves body after they demand concessions (Short Parliament) Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.[1]. -- war became an activity of the state (the armed forces were formerly in private hands). Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . IV. [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. -- Test Act (1673). -Philip V, a Bourbon, kept the Spanish throne, but had to renounce his descendants' rights to the French throne -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. Test: AP European History. -belief in divine right/ absolutism and return to Catholicism K. The Church is subordinate to and the agent of civil authority. the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor. News; Article reviews; Podcasts; esicm-tv; Sections; Coronavirus - Public health . Don John and Alexander Farnese of Parma , the Regent Margaret 's son revived Spanish power in the southern provinces , where fear of Calvinism had moved to break the Union of Brussels . The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Background: Death of Henry II, followed by weak rulers and regency rule by Catherine d' Medici The Reformation. -Northern lands form Union of Utrecht to declare independence from Spain, North lands of Netherlands unite to declare independence from Spain -Austria (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy. 4 & 1,500 \\ In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. -- Calvinist church came largely from these ideas (Max Weber's thesis -- "Protestant he centralized the Fr. [citation needed], Under Article XIII, Spain agreed to a British demand to preserve Catalan historical rights, in return for Catalan support for the Allies during the war. -continued hereditary office holders ~ revenue tripled, army grew 10x Therefore, this supremacy of Parliament provided Britain with the A. Salvation by faith alone. The Triple Alliance was a treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. The twelve peers consisted of two who were. History Notes - 12/5/05 * Section 30: "Western Europe After Utrecht (1713-1740)" * The Peace of Utrecht - Ended the War of the Spanish Succession - Ended Louis XIV ambitions for a Universal Monarchy * England and France - Major Powers now - Spain all but eliminated * Preserved the European State System * Phillip V - King of Spain - result of Treaty of Utrecht - Spain had been partitioned . Skip to document. . This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. After the split from Catholic Spain, Calvinism became the dominant religion. The Netherlands was home to a number of talented artists and writers, and the country's prosperity allowed for a flourishing arts scene. -- he began to curtail the privileges of the Fr. - consultative bodies disappear (local noble parliaments) -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate - rebuilt armies come back and win at Battle of Poltava (1709) - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of William III and the Duke of Marlborough. -universities for skilled technicians, and experts (5 yr. required abroad for nobility sons) Married clergy. Had a right to choose the Holy Roman emperor with six other electors but possessed no political power. -permanent crisis (wars etc) gave authority to Frederick ,
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