It just couldn't be done. William Newman and his family were the closest to Kennedy when he was shot. The objects' positions are updated during visibility in the Zapruder frames, and they stay motionless once each object moves out of those frames. What's gone wrong?" . There have been many people who have claimed to have seen an unaltered complete filming of the assassination. Foster was a Dallas policeman stationed on the railroad overpass at the corner of Elm, Main and Commerce Streets. That same year, the family donated all copyrights on the film to the Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. This film has been edited. One of those officers who spoke to Baker was motorcycle officer James Chaney who told him thatfrom the time the first shot rang out, the car stopped completely, pulled to the left, and stopped. ( ibid. ) Below, he seems to be describing the effects of two bullets fired nearly simultaneously, one of which he thought was a near miss, disturbing only JFKs hair. He indicated thatthe motorcade had stopped.https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=40392#relPageId=82 I have watched that documentary, and I firmly believe that Dino Brugioni is a competent, credible, honest and forth-right expert who clearly and cogently presented evidence that proves the Zapruder film was altered; frames missing, showing more visuals of the brain matter shooting higher up in the air, the motorcade stopping, etc. 1963 film of the John F. Kennedy assassination, Please improve this section about the study of the film by adding. You could even use film frames from Houston Street or Main Street. A lone nut! To the west of Willis, about three seconds later, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens also took a photo of the motorcade. What he said seems to suggest he saw Kennedy being shot in the head for a second time immediately after the first time. Dino Brugioni said he saw the original Zapruder film. I recall one researcher saying that the Elsie Dorman was the worst photographer ever. Orville Nix stood across the lawn on the south side of Main Street, but we have no picture of him at the time. --Michael J. Briggs , former editor-in-chief University Press of Kansas, publisher of The Zapruder Film and Breach of Trust "An impressive and staggering piece of investigative journalism. While serving as chief analyst of military records at the Assassination Records Review Board in 1997, Douglas Horne discovered that the Zapruder Film was exa. Nallis model took things like the mass and speed of the bullet and measurements into account. You may be wondering at this point: How could anyone with normal hearing not have heard that first loud bang? [39], In 1994, the Zapruder film footage was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and was selected for permanent preservation in the National Film Registry. However, if the driver were under the impression that the shots were from the front, one could understand his hesitation in not wanting to drive closer to the sniper or snipers.Mark LaneThe Zapruder Film . Other witnesses had the same impression. Public Viewing of the Zapruder Film - On March 6, 1975, the Zapruder film was shown for the first time to the American people by Geraldo Rivera on ABC's Good Night America. The natural inclination would be to step on the gas and accelerate as quickly as possible. JFK-MLK-RFK Assassinations. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. In chapter 8 of his outstanding book Survivors Guilt: The Secret Service and the Failure to Protect President Kennedy (2013), Vince Palamera counted 59 witnesses who reported that the limo stopped or slowed down. Dallas, Texas November 22, 1963. Additionally, Brugioni is adamant that the set of briefing boards available to the public in the National Archives is not the set that he and his team produced on November 2324, 1963. I recall that Vince Palarmara said something like 59 witnesses said the p. limo came to a stop. Apparently the team that worked on the second examination was given 16mm film and made up another, and possibly larger, series of frame prints, and that another set of briefing boards was also created. The latter suggestive that there was Secret Service complicity in the assassination of President Kennedy. 153. Who had the ability to do this ? One can take imagery from another location, say the intersection of Elm and Houston, and in front of the TSBD, during what I call the Zapruder Gap. everybody was laying flat on the ground almost. Frame 153 from the Zapruder film. Thats the only smoking gun in the film.. ( Decker Exhibit 5323, 19 H 467 ) I doubt Hollywood could devise such a cynical, dastardly and devious plot line, yet these actions were completed within hours of the Dallas killing. Only one person filmed from start to finish the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, which occurred in a matter of seconds at 12:30 p.m. on Nov. 22, 1963 on Elm Street in Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, TX. There are 108+ witnesses who say something different happened than the favored conspiracy theories based on the Zapruder Film, or the Official Story about what happened during the assassination. Life brought the original to Washington in February for the Commission's viewing, and also made color 35mm slide enlargements from the relevant frames of the original film for the FBI. A third amateur film of the assassination, taken by Marie Muchmore, only shows Hill getting off the follow-up car and making a run for the Kennedys car. There are many strange content images in the Zapruder Film. Once in the hands of the Gov't/Media it was Secreted away for over a dozen years and it's contents Lied about by Gov't/Media. So instantaneous the crowd hadnt had time to react.. He tried a few places, walking all along the curb on Elm Street, but could not find solid footing there. They killed him!' [3] CBS News correspondent Dan Rather was the first to report on the footage on national television after seeing it. The Zapruder film gives a much closer view of the action, and of whatever may have landed on the trunk as a result of JFKs devastating wound which might suggest a shot from the front a possibility that would raise serious questions about the official narrative of the assassination, that JFK was shot from behind. Can you visually identify anyone in the p. limo? Abraham Zapruder live broadcast on ABC, Nov. 22, 1963. He says, 'I've got it all on there.'" This movement of the limousine is verified by witness Roy Truly, who testified that,"I saw the President's car swerve to the left and stop." Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. A far cry from his original observation of a large gaping wound in the right rear.. [21], On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush signed into law the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act (the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. [34] The work was done by separate teams that had been compartmentalized and ordered not to speak of their work, causing the teams not to know about each other, even though the personnel from the two teams normally worked together on a daily basis. Greenpeace activist since 1985. [30] Holland and Rush have pointed out that Zapruder temporarily stopped filming at around frame 132, when only police motorcycles were visible. This missing part of the film, the frames between Z 132 and Z 133, could contain frames for 21 seconds. But we know from all the films that JFK was shot in the head almost immediately after Hill got off the running board of the follow-up car. All of the films and photos are filmed from either the rear or the drivers side of the p. limo. Nicholas Nalli, senior research scientist at IMSG, Inc., created a model of the mechanics of the gunshot wound itself to explain where the bullet may have come from. The extant Zapruder film is missing frames 208-211. I guess there was a noise, but it didnt seem like any different noise really because there is so much noise, motorcycles and things. "I mean, it was utter chaos by that time. Plenty of information about the crime has been public for years, and Nalli drew from that well of data to create a model of the physical processes of the gunshot wound. Chart from Military Armament Corporation. But critics have pointed out those things that make the films provenance suspect; its images are chock-full of unexplained anomalies as well as inconsistencies between the Zapruder film and Dealey Plaza eyewitness testimony. It is impossible to know just what happened to the original film. XVIII. Since he suffered from vertigo, this was a real possibility. These witnesses included Dallas police officers, news media personnel and civilian spectators. What happened? I am pretty convinced the Z film has frames with the rear head-shot blacked out (before and after injury) and has had frames removed which coincidentally remove the brief stop. I believe this is so you would not recognize anything in another film that would match the Zapruder Film or come even close to matching the Zapruder Film. Under those circumstances, why should we not explore the possibility that government officials might also have altered the Zapruder film ? [32], The authenticity of the image in frame 313 was challenged by Douglas Horne, Senior Analyst for the Assassination Records Review Board and Dino Brugioni of the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC). During: Z-375, Z-376, Z-377, Z-378, Z-379, Z-380. I put my right foot, I believe it was, on the left rear step of the automobile, and I had a hold of the handgrip with my hand, when the car lurched forward. Years later, in an interview she gave with my mother, Marilyn remembered, "When they started to make their first turn, turning into the street, he said, 'OK, here we go.' Some were shooting black-and-white or color stills, Polaroids, or 35mm slides, while several others had movie cameras loaded with color film. You will be able to leave a comment after signing in, 20th Century American History, JFK assassination. The first shot of the second two seemed as if it missed because the hair on the right side of his head flew forward and there didnt seem to be any impact against his head. 2 hours ago, Jamey Flanagan said: Just a thought. ( 3 H 221 ) It shows the farthest Jackie gets onto the trunk, in this film. I personally have never seen anybody killed in my life, and to see something like this, shooting a man down like a dog, I just couldn't believe. Leading experts explore the many theories of what happened on November 22, 1963. It is one of the most studied pieces of film in history. Louis. Two days after the assassination he was quoted in the Houston Chronicle as repeating what he had told Baker; thatthe limousine stopped immediately after the first shot. The ARRB re-affirmed that the Zapruder film was an "assassination record" within the JFK Act's meaning and directed it to be transferred on August 1, 1998 from its present-day location in NARA's film collection to the John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection maintained by NARA. But we do know that a tremendous amount of chicanery has been performed in the presentation of evidence in this entire case. The underlined statements may be true. Not only were such bullets never recovered, he writes, but the movements of Kennedys head are only consistent with a shot from the back. Dino indicated in the interview that he was positive that they had the original film, and that when they projected it for the two members of the Secret Service, it was the first time they had viewed the film. Updated: March 18, 2019 | Original: April 26, 2018. Photo credit: Ike Altgens / AP / Wikimedia. That's 0.66 seconds. The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. Her work has appeared in outlets like The Washington Post, National Geographic, The Atlantic, TIME, Smithsonian and more. The best record of the assassination to stand the test of time is Abraham Zapruder's famous 26 seconds of 8mm film photographed just steps from the president's motorcade. On November 29, 1963, President Lyndon Johnson directed the Warren Commission to . However, I dont believe that is the case. The president's elbows fly up, his face distorted in pain, and he suddenly hunches forward as his wife looks at Governor Connally, sitting in the jump seat across from them, before turning back to her husband with visible confusion on her face. We also know that the CIA destroyed its records of the films stay at that lab. Twyman continues: "I called Mr. Coburn and he told me that his optical printers in those days could certainly capture all of the information on 8mm film, between the sprocket holes and even beyond the edges of the film if one wanted. But then suddenly Governor Connally was yelling . But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The film has been featured in films and other media, such as the Oliver Stone film JFK. Zapruder was one of at least 32 people in Dealey Plaza known to have made film or still photographs at or around the time of the shooting. I recorded my index finger ( simulating the movement of the limousine ) from left to right. Below is an especially clear copy of Zapruder frame #375. Zapruder Film 1967 (Renewed 1995) The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, John F. Kennedy's Assassination and the 26 Seconds That Changed History, ourtesy of the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. [38] Kodak engineer Ronald Zavada ran experiments with the film Abraham Zapruder used and concluded that the film is authentic. However, I dont believe that is the case. ZAPRUDER FILM. The last shot seemed to hit his head and cause a noise at the point of impact which made him fall forward and to his left again. Before: Z-368, Z-369, Z-370, Z-371, Z-372, Z-373, Z-374. As Abe continued to look for a place to stand, Marilyn suggested a four foot-high concrete abutment. Title 8, Chapter 21, Demonstrative Evidence; Section 214: The principle upon which photographs are most commonly admitted into evidence is the same as that underlying the admission of illustrative drawings, maps, and diagrams. I couldn't understand how a thing like this could happen. His analogy, standing against something metal strongly suggests he was in contact with the car when JFK was shot in the head. ( 22 H 662 ) Specifically, the version of the Zapruder Film Brugioni recalls seeing had more than one frame of the fatal head shot to Kennedy with its resulting "spray" of brain matter that he referred to as a "white cloud", three or four feet above Kennedy's head. [10][11], Brugioni said he was not aware of a second examination of the film at NPIC, the night of Sunday 24 November and the early morning of Monday 25 November, by a completely different team. (To see some astounding examples concerning the medical evidence, please go here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here.). The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence. [8] Copies of the complete film are available on the Internet. Acoustic guitar. Such a possibility may explain why those frames were removed. Each sniper is in a designated spot: Area of Deception (directly across from the Area of Certain Location), Area of Confusion (one on each side of the Area of Certain Location). [34] Brugioni recalled seeing a "white cloud" of brain matter, three or four feet (91 or 122cm) above Kennedy's head, and said that this "spray" lasted for more than one frame of the film. [27], Every frame of the Zapruder film has been put together into a panoramic movie. The Russian-born Zapruder was a clothing manufacturer whose office sat across the street from the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas. Special Agent George Hickey was also in the follow-up car with Hill. This seems extremely unlikely, however, because the film itself may hold the answer to whether or not it was edited.More evidence of editing: blurred vs. sharp frames. especially clear copy of Zapruder frame #375, frames from the copy of his film are missing, shooting a revolver into a hard object it seemed to have some type of an echo, Between the time I originally grabbed the handhold and until I was up on the car the second noise that I heard had removed a portion of the Presidents head, reaching for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car, the right rear tail, when I mounted the car it was it had a different sound, as though you were standing against something metal and firing into it, and you hear both the sound of a gun going off and the sound of the cartridge hitting the metal place, The right rear portion of his head was missing, Emmett Hudson, Dealey Plaza groundskeeper, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens. Then there is a following frame with the same two large black lines across the image. I just laid down over on the ground [urged by another witness to get down] and when that third shot rung out and when I was close to the ground you could tell the shot was coming from above and kind of behind. A study suggests the 'grassy knoll' JFK assassination theory is bogus. This anomaly begins with a frame with two large black lines across the entire image. ( Z-210 ) Wrone is a history professor who tracks the chain of evidence for the film. 20 frames from the time Webb hit the dirt, until AC made contact. Hired in 1969, employee and assassination buff Robert Groden used one of Weitzman's copies and an optical printer to make versions of the Zapruder film with close-ups and minimize the shakiness of Zapruder's camera. To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. Because the film is unique, its value was difficult to ascertain; eventually, following arbitration with the Zapruder heirs, the government purchased the film in 1999 for $16 million; however, at that time, the family retained copyright to the film. This film is under most peoples radar. She said, As I snapped the picture I heard a shot ring out Then I heard another shot ring out and Mrs. Kennedy jumped up in the car I heard three or four shots in all., Sheriff William Decker, who was in the lead car, which was so far to the west it was almost at the underpass, said, As the Motorcade was proceeding down Elm Street, I distinctly remember hearing 2 shots. Just about as I reached it, there was another sound, which was different than the first sound. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. "I started shooting--- when the motorcade started coming in, I believe I started and wanted to get it coming in from Elm St." ( Testimony of Abraham Zapruder, 7 H 571 ) John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. This would contradict the Commissions central finding that JFK was killed by a single shooter. It is apparent that by frame 225 the President is reacting to his throat wound. Changing the direction of the head was not. That gives one a lot of scenes to use elsewhere. Zapruder was an active member of two CIA proprietary organizations, The Dallas Council On World Affairs, and The Crusade For A Free Europe. JFK - The Zapruder Film - What REALLY HappenedAccording to the late Richard Della Rosa who saw the other Zapruder film twice this is what really happen. Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. Your explanation is logical. [10][13]", Source: ( Noel Twyman, Bloody Treason, ( 1995 ) pg. J.W. The FBI later tested Zapruder's camera and found that it filmed an average of 18.3frames/second (slightly deviating from the camera's standard frame rate of 16 frame/s). He turned his film over to the FBI on December 1, 1963. I can understand why the Z-film was sequestered. Some years ago, the late JFK researcher/author Jim Marrs interviewed a man named William Reymond, a JFK author/researcher from France who claimed to have seen another version of the Zapruder film. Or even the next one. . Zapruder wasn't only a 33 Degree and a Jew. The muzzle blast spread from a suppressed [i.e., silenced] weapon shows deception and confusion resulting from attempts to locate sound origin from a weak fixed source at various angles from the source. He tried negotiating with Life for the rights to print important individual frames in his book Six Seconds in Dallas. Volume 18 of the commission's hearings reproduced 158 frames from the Zapruder film in black and white. When the president was shot, he says, Kennedys head exploded, as the film so graphically shows. When the work was complete, Dino Brugioni reviewed the briefing boards and notes with his superior, Arthur Lundahl, whom he had called and requested come to the facility. Marina's role in what happened in Dallas rested primarily on the results of scientific analysis. Taylor Swift took to social media to assure fans her hand was doing fine after she suffered what looked like a painful off-stage injury in Houston. The court held that "there is a public interest in having the fullest information available on the murder of President Kennedy, saying that Thompson "did serious work on the subject and has a theory entitled to public consideration" and that "the copying by defendants was fair and reasonable. In his affidavit, Billy Lovelady, an employee of the Texas School Book Depository, said"I recall that following the shooting, I ran toward the spotwhere President Kennedy's car had stopped." The public's response and outrage to that television showing quickly led to the forming of the Hart-Schweiker investigation, which contributed to the Church Committee Investigation on Intelligence Activities by the United States, and resulted in the House Select Committee on Assassinations investigation. [15], In October 1964, the U.S. Government Printing Office released 26 volumes of testimony and evidence compiled by the Warren Commission. Im referring to Clint Hill, the man who jumped onto the trunk of the limousine to protect Jackie Kennedy who had gone out onto the trunk of the car. The problem with lining up the images in the frame is that it leaves the edges of the frame itself misaligned. (Go here for individual still frames from the entire extant film. One can choose to believe the top piece of evidence convincing people there was a conspiracy was actually faked to suggest no conspiracy, or that people's memories are often in error. For an instant, the back of a freeway sign obscures the limousine, and then the Kennedys reappear. He was interviewed after the assassination in the Dallas County Sheriff's Dept. [1], On the morning of November 23, CBS lost the bidding for the footage to Life magazine's $150,000 offer ($1,330,000 in 2023). After creating the required duplicate negatives from the desired frames, the film was returned the two members of the Secret Service, and that at approximately 3 AM they left the NPIC facility. [1] The November 29, 1963 issue of Life published about 30 frames of the Zapruder film in black and white. But, writes Nalli, his model is unique in that it focuses on the forward motion of the presidents head after he was shot. Dallas police officer Marrion L. Baker, a Dallas police motorcyclist who was on Houston Street when the first shot was fired, testified to the Warren Commission that shortly after the assassinationSeveral officers said it stopped completely.When then asked whether he had heard from other Dallas police officers that the limousine had stopped, he testified:Yes, sir; thatit had completely stopped, and then for a moment there, and then they rushed on out to Parkland. ( 3 H 266 ) Marie Muchmore was standing on the opposite side of Elm from Abe, on a grassy area set back from the street, her movie camera loaded with color film. OK, call that a short one second, between gunshots. The shocking revelation of Kennedy's head going backward and to the left resulted in a public outcry so great that Congress created the House Select Committee on Assassinations two years later. The last view of the passenger side of the p. limo was Jay Skaggs at the intersection of Houston and Main. Marilyn recalled that the noise woke them out of their shocked trance. The people in the p. limo have been painted or blacked out. The committee . The following excerpt from .css-gegin5{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#9a0500;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-gegin5:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Twenty-Six Seconds by Zapruder's granddaughter Alexandra details how he captured history, and what happened next. 1960's. Mo Weitzman made several internegatives in 1968, giving the best to Life and retaining the test copies. In Harry's account, it was he who told Abe that the Secret Service would want to see the film, and he offered to get Dallas Secret Service chief Forrest Sorrels and bring him to Jennifer Juniors [the business which Abe owned]. There might have been one or two people still standing but I would say that ninety-eight percent of the people were still laying flat on the side of the hill.". I'm thinking an independent team of nominal Secret Service agents (actually CIA?) We KNOW the Muchmore film has an anomaly at Z312-313. It would not be left to circumstantial decision. counts among the top reads on the JFKA & Vol.IV contains his work on Zapruder's film over the assassination weekend. Amateur films by Abraham Zapruder and Orville Nix do not agree with each other in at least one obvious way. So, that's quite a conundrum. These witnesses directly contradict the Zapruder Film and all of the frames past Z 133. There are 8 films in all that have been edited on Houston Street. In this context I would like to suggest it was the Elsie Dorman film that did just that. Between the time I originally grabbed the handhold and until I was up on the car the second noise that I heard had removed a portion of the Presidents head, and he had slumped noticeably to his left. When theWarren Commission issued its report on the assassination in 1964, it concluded that Oswald had shot the president from behind. 7 ) I suspect a more complex film simulation could be created to simulate the sequence I describe. Z-381, Z-382, Z-383, Z-384, Z-385, Z-386, Z-387, Z-388, Z-389, Z-390, Z-391, Z-392, Z-393, Z-394, Z-395, Z-396. Milicent Cranor, a WhoWhatWhy senior editor with a background in forensic medical publishing, has studied the JFK assassination on and off for more than two decades. And in real life, as demonstrated by the chart from the Military Armament Corporation, there are also manifold opportunities for fabrication and distortion. In this essay, Cranor asks readers to consider whether there is a significant discrepancy between the Nix and Zapruder films of the assassination, and if this indicates tampering. The car dips into the lower part of the camera frame, and as the president's body sinks down in the car toward his wife, the fatal shot strikes him. In his interview with the late Jim Marrs,William Reymond claimed that the limo came to a complete stop BEFORE the head shotand then took off. The briefing boards and notes were then turned over to Arthur Lundahl. History. Until a few years ago, the authenticity and reliability of the extant Zapruder film was accepted by almost all JFK assassination researchers, even the severest critics of the Warren Report, myself included. The view that the Zapruder film captured the shooting from beginning to end view was challenged by Max Holland, author of The Kennedy Assassination Tapes, and professional photographer Johann Rush in a joint editorial piece published by The New York Times on November 22, 2007. Were they all suffering from the same mass hallucination ? [20], Before the 1969 trial of Clay Shaw, a businessman from New Orleans, for conspiracy in connection with the assassination, a copy of the film made several generations from the original was subpoenaed from Time Inc. in 1967 by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison for use at Shaw's grand jury hearing. Today, however, things are different. Under this theory, a photograph is viewed merely as a graphic portrayal of oral testimony, and becomes admissible only when a witness has testified that it is a correct and accurate representation of the relevant facts personally observed by the witness. "And then I realized," Abe said. "[19], In 1967, Life hired New Jersey film lab Manhattan Effects to make a 16 mm film copy of the Zapruder film's original version. It confirmed Nallis theoryand shows that its unlikely that the president was shot from the grassy knoll in front of him. I believe that this experiment proves that the stop could have been edited out and the resulting film would show that the vehicle had only slowed down when it completely stopped.More evidence of editing: missing frames
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