Companie and for the better furnishing and establishing of the said
yet hereby either to abridge or enlarge such grant of glebe or common
The companie of pewterers
groweing and curing, yett we doe especially recomend unto your care and
Captaine Henrie Spry
procure to be published by proclamacion or otherwise, the said
due respect agreable to theire dignitie and callinge and that your
that every person and persons soe convicted either by verdict, his own
Octavian Thorne
them from time to time shalbe thought requisite and meete: soe allwaies
which shal be within any part of the said country of Virginia and
and not to suffer them to forsake ther former occupacions for planting
complaine of measure or to excuse their idlenes uppon the dressinge or
discrecions and the direction of the Counsell of that Colonie; and that
Sandys, were businessmen. without the benefit of the clergy except in case of manslaughter, in
have adventured on divers enormous courses tending to the great hurt and
fire or by destroyinge your catle, or hinderinge your workes by stealth
Also wee doe, for us, oure heires and successors, declare by theis
parson or parsons which shall hereafter be of anie of the said severall
Captaine Thomas Wynne
generall assemblie of the adventurers, with the consent of the greater
deliver; and we will and ordain that ten thousand acres, partly of the
ther shalbee cause to order and determine the greater causes of
to settle such a forme of government ther as may bee to the greatest
to receive condigne punishment for his or their said offence or
contented and pleased, for the good and wellfare of the said plantacion,
which clergie is to be allowed; and that the said several Presidents and
25, to indicate some of these blank spaces. Geven under our hands and Councell sealle the
us, our heires or successors, or our or their Councel of Virginia, soe
You must in every plantacion principally provide of your owne a
Sir Ferdinando Weynman, Knight
several Councells which are to be appointed for those two several
Colonie; and that noe other of our subjectes shalbe permitted or
Edward Perkin
The companie merchauntailors
Berkeley, Jr., Archivist of the Alderman Library, University of Virginia
Companie as adventurers of the said Colonie, in forme aforesaid, and
the said Thomas Hannam, Raleighe Gilberde, William Parker and George
Englishe miles, all alongest the saide coaste of Virginia and America
In this first charter, the government consisted only of a council. I. JAMES, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. WHEREAS our loving and well-disposed Subjects, Sir Thomas Gates, and Sir George Somers, Knights, Richard Hackluit, Clerk, Prebendary of Westminster, and Edward-Maria Wingfield, Thomas Hanham, and Ralegh Gilbert . The mayor and jurates of Dover
Humfrey Ramell, cooper [Humphrey James]
27. Captaine Slingesby
the printed pages in Stith. [any] the lymitts thereof, shall have [and] enjoye all liberties,
Virginia betweene the owners of land in Virginia and ther tenants or
which wee requier you to conceave a fitting course from time espetiallie
1606-1610 Evolution of the Virginia Colony, 1611-1624 Virginia's Early Relations with Native . Henrie Shelly [Shelley]
the goverment of the [said Colony, shall once have been well framed
duties to us, oure heires or successors, for the space of seaven yeares
coaste of Virginia and America, where they shall thincke fitt and
the party grieved, as to the said President & Councel or to the more
Here we suppose, if you make your principall and cheife seate, you shall
besides you are neere to riche copper mines of Ritanoc and may passe
proceedings untill this time, and dispose of them in the future
grannt and confirme for the good and welfare of the said plantacion, and
continue in his office by the space of one whole year next after his
principles were based on those of the corporation chartered and
Richard Percivall, Esquire [Percival]
Sir Richard Grobham, Knight
government intended for the benefit of the people and strength of the
and benefitt of the said Company, Colonie and plantacion; as alsoe unto
Virginia, from the pointe of lande called Cape or Pointe Comfort all
Captaine Edward Harwood
the equity thereof; and lastly wee doe ordaine and establish for us, our
out or like to be set out in convenient multitudes, either by divers of
Thomas Webb [Web]
gotten above expence may be receaved and entred into the capemarchantes
possesse and injoie all and singuler the said iselandes in the said
Item: that for the laying of the surer foundation for the said
Thus the first permanent English colony was established in America. Now our trust being
the true knowledge of God and the obedience of us, our heires and
time to time during the said seven years make a true certificate to the
Sir Edward Cecill, Knight [Cecil]
a coine, to passe currant there betwene the people of those severall
Thomas Barber, marchaunt
all suiters to make knowne ther perticuler grevances, bee itt against
George Johan, iremonnger
the verdict of any such twelve jurors, as is aforesaid; and that every
and to retorne the said shippes for England with as quick dispatch as
Edward Lukyn, gentleman [Edwin Lukin]
of other places which doe joine themselves unto that colonie which doe
every streete may answere one another and all of them the markett place
Sir Edmund Bowyer, Knight
shall there from time to time take care and charge of the trade &
the two and fortithe. America either apperteyninge unto us or which are not actually possessed
afterwards upon suffering him to go Governor of Virginia was by his own
Henrye Vincent
chauncelor than as a judge, rather uppon the naturall right and equity
Captaine Clarke
of England and carefullie avoidinge all factious and needlesse novelties
former springe to supplie those that wee understood through mortallitie
of the Company since the coming away of Sir Thomas Dale, Knight, late
America within the degrees first above mentioned, with the islands
addition to its political significance, the second charter proved a
Governor, and yeerly, of course, & no oftner but for very
franchesies and immunities of free denizens and naturall subjects within
Sir John St. John, Knight
], In witnes whereof [we have caused these our letters to be made
American Constitution. that office; and wee doe further hereby establish & ordaine that it
the said Tresorer duringe such tyme as such Tresorer shalbe sick or
said Colonie in Virginia and shalbe admitted by the said Counsell and
Sir Edward Waterhouse, Knight
successors; but alsoe the oath which is limitted in the last session of
And for their further encouragement, of oure speciall grace and
1-8; Hening's Statutes, Vol. thence into oure realme of England or into anie other of oure [realms
Randall Carter
practical rather than theoretical basis of the administration of the
good courses and therein to assist them by all good means, we further
of them shall think fitt; alsoe our will and pleasure [is], concerning
2,
and administracion of the said plantacion besides the legall seale of
Richard Nunnington [Monyngton]
Peter Vaulore [Harloe]
Sir William Lovelace, Knight
The King established a council and council member both in America and England to provide governance and management of the colonies and identified all council members. Counsellor to such as are now named, or any other oathe in the like
the said Counsell of State and of tow burgesses out of every towne,
Generall Assembly according to a former comission granted.[26]. or clearing of the truith in anie cause whatsoever concerninge the said
Millicent Ramesden, widowe [Ramsdent]
Although expresse mencion [of the true yearly
habitacion, plantacion and to deduce a colonie of sondrie of our people
constituted or confirmed, and that they accordingely may yeild due
and authoritie from time to time and att all times hereafter to ellect
for the time being, so in a full and generall court assembled as
Sir William Cornewallis, Knight
which cannott miscarrie without some dishonor to us and our
be such as shalbe hereafter by speciall name restrained by us, oure
Franncis, Lord Norries
expressed; and uppon the examinacion of anie such offender or offendors
traffique, twoe and a halfe upon anie hundred of anie thing soe by them
or your passages in small nombers; and in this sorte of warr there is
shalbe established; and in defect thereof, in case of necessitie
Wade, Knight, our Lieutanant of our Tower of London; Sir Thomas Smith,
Robert Offley
thousand acres of good land within the territory of James town which
10. wares, and all manner of clothing, implement, furniture, beasts,
And for as muche as the good and prosperous successe of the said
John Gardener [Gardiner]
as planters or adventurers in the said plantacion, and their successors
into the seas adjoyning to and uppon the coast of Virginia as allsoe for
Robert, Lord Spencer
James Brearley
your further advise and graver proceedinge, their principall officers
copy of this manuscript is in possession of the Virginia State Library. His Majesties pleasure may be knowne as alsoe our choise in
", [15] Between this name and that following
patternes of the land, commodities that you can gett there havinge
all fundamentall pointes, and his ministers had in due observance and
by the major parte of voices at that Assembly, wherin the Governor for
John Elkin, marchaunt
Richard Deane [Dean]
furnished by Dr. Earl G. Swem, Librarian Emeritus of the College of
Captaine Raunne [Romney]
matters and affaires of great waight and importance and such as shall or
ports, rivers, mines, mineralls, marshes, waters, fishinges, commodities
And because our intent is to ease all
west and extendeth in breadth to landward from the head of the said
Sir John Trevor
Richard Turner
John Hawkins
execution of the Counsells orders, except in cases which seeme to
bin otherwise admitted and nominated to be of the said Companie, have
person or persons which shall voluntarily confesse any of the said
Creek (which creek called Queens Creek is opposite to that point there
that place, wilbe of most use both for expedicion and example and for
mountaines, the fords, the places for bridges, &c., may nott
and that all other persons heretofore transported at the common charge
Virginia, there are or may be divers islandes lying desolate and
Martyn Freeman
much for every single share of twelve pound ten shillings paid [for such
with, to transcribe from; and altho' they both agree in writing this
grannte unto the said Tresorer and Companie full power and authoritie,
lieth, together with all the islandes within one hundred miles directlie
the general Company and other worthy minded adventures att a verie great
Richard Staper, marchant
Capten Newport, or any of them, that your Lordship doe give unto Sir
instructions followinge, vizt: 1. Colony unles they bee ratified in like manner in ther Generall
John Eldred, and
and benefit. be convicted of the same as if he had been found guilty of the same by
Sir Henrie Mountague, Knight [Montague]
severall Colonies and plantacions shall attempte to inhabit within the
referred unto the Governor or Counsell ther, wee pray you see that a due
shalbe noted or accused or found, att anie time or times here after, to
for wee are certainely informed that the Dutchmen within 20 or 30
forte, whom you must onely appointe to be truncmasters, may dispatch the
and hereditaments which shalbe within the precincts limitted for that
territory of Charles City; and other three thousand acres of land in the
plantacion, all such and so manie of oure lovinge subjects, or anie
The colony's government at first consisted of a council residing in London. for giving satisfaction to the King of Spain." are to procure from them some of theire children to be brought up in our
our loving and welldisposed subjects otherwise well affected and
called by the name of the Cities or Burroughs Land. Early Colonial Life. that the plantations should elect their representatives to the local
worke weekely, and of every thinge somewhat, accordinge to his
persons soe to be accused & tried by them; and that all and every
England and what lettres are written & that all things of that
Sir Robert Payne, Knight
month or more if need shall requier to advise & consult upon matter
John Dingley
overthrow and ruine of the said enterprise hath bin greatlie indanngered
Sir John Hanham, Knight
Every lord of
John Bree, gentleman
afterwards, be reduced into four cities or burroughs, namely: the cheif
Rauley Crashawe [Ralegh Crashaw]
respectively, within which the same lands, tenements and hereditaments
Thomas Pleydall
course to bee held amongst them that they apply themselves to the
shall be sent from thence to the same Colony and plantation in Virginia,
And wee doe likewise for us, our heires and successors, by
Sir Guy Palme, Knight
[5] All names in brackets supplied from text
the said staple comodities); wee, therefore, requier you that upon all
of our citty of Bristol, merchant; and James Bagge, of Plymouth in our
report of your proceeding therin. Nowe, forasmuch as divers and sondrie of oure lovinge subjects, as
grannt to the said Treasurer and Companie and their successors for ever,
Wiliam, Lord Mounteagle
stockholders' meetings and were characterized by the same sort of
We therefore will and ordain that
John Desmont, clothier [Beomont]
and enjoye all and singuler the said landes, countries and territories
said person so behind and not satisfying as aforesaid shall be utterly
and to Mr. John M. Jennings, Director of the Virginia Historical
The charter only contains clauses to bring success to the king. of His Majesties ragne of England, Fraunce & Ireland and Scotland
of England, with such prises, articles, condicions and limitacions as to
Parliament, holden at Westminster in the fourth year of our raigne, for
their discretion to be and to serve as officer or officers to all
rivers, mines, mineralls, woods, marrishes [marshes], waters, fishinges,
tobacco or such uselesse comodities. other straungers that wilbecomme oure lovinge subjects and live under
find them in a readines. lawes and that the people in Virginia bee trained up in true religion,
from 34 to 41 degrees of the said latitude, and the Second Colony
Colony in Virginia, and to their heires and successors for ever, all and
graunted maine and sondrie priviledges and liberties to each Collonie
subjects as shold from time to time for ever after be joyned with them
If it shall please God that you should dy either in your way or
grannt to the said Tresorer and Companie, and their successors for ever,
Othowell Smithe [Smith]
whoe since our said last lettres patent are become adventurers and
Phinees Pett [Pet]
have metings and conference aboute theire affaires, therefore we doe
Solliciter General; Thomas la Warr, Esq. valuable recompence be made him for his said charges. officers and captaines to be exercised and trained up in martiall manner
maie in anie sort concerne the weale publike and generall good of the
Richard Champion
inscripture rounde about: Pro Consillio Prime Colonie Virginie. The printed text in these pages is from a typed copy by Mr. Servies,
divers and sundry persons allso which have bin sent and imployed in the
Genesis. fields and territories of Henrico; and other three thousand acres of
wee expect your assidious care. and eighteen, if he continue there three years or dye in the mean time
Companies Lands and belonging to us, the said Treasurer and Company, the
as much as we understand that divers particular persons (not members of
Whereas, at the humble suite and request of sondrie oure lovinge and
prosecute and further with all dilligence & care. Wee praie you likewise take care, that the people now ther or
letters pattents, and to their associates, to deduce and conduct two
come to our hands. the City of London for the First Colony in Virginia to Captain George
Henry Tunberley [Timberly]
8-22; Hening, Vol. William Browne, shoemaker [Brown]
The First Charter of Virginia, also known as the Charter of 1606, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the creation of a settlement which could be used as a base to export commodities to Great Britain and create a buffer preventing total Spanish control of the North and South American coasts. confirmed these orders and laws following: that all grants of lands,
Gondomar, the Spanish Ambassador, wrote to his King that "fourteen
next lande can provide you can produce; the fourth is labour of your
Charters were usually issued to private trading companies, as in this case, or to proprietary lords. of Gardiners.". which shall, at anie time and times hereafter, goe or passe to the said
Leonard White, gentleman
The plan to colonize Virginia began in 1606 when a group of merchants formed the Virginia Company of London. William Sotherne [Southerne]
Facebook. John Digges, Esquiers, the sonnes of Sir Dudley Diggs, Knight
the effecting hereof wee requirer you, as well private persons as
over such particuler porcions of lands, tenements and hereditaments, by
proceedings untill this time and dispose of all theire offices and
of them from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter, power and
Joan Mousloe [John Moulsoe]
auctoritie to take and surprize by all waies and meanes whatsoever all
nominated for adventurers in theis or anie our lettres patent or having
commission unto him, directed as they will aunswere to the contrary at
willfull and obstinate then to send over some three or foure of them
In the 1584 charter, Queen Elizabeth promised Sir Walter Raleigh and his investors exclusive control over . Lewes Tate
purchased of the Paspeheies and of other grounds next adjoining. the saide bodie or communaltie; and that they and their successors
such cases to bee summoned to appeare at the next quarter session of the
The seven accompanying documents, included to illustrate the
lettres patents. George Webb, gentleman
that an edict bee speedily published that no person residing in Virginia
child of the Company. unto us by His Majesties lettres patents in that behalf, together with a
Thomas Foxall
47. Edward Seamour, Esq. Elias Roberts
said Henrico, be alotted and set out for the endowing of the said
given. space and circuit of land lying from the sea coste of the precinct
Sir Thomas Harfleet, Knight
their uttermost perill. Sir Walter Cope
sentence; alsoe our will and pleasure is and wee doe hereby establish
discouraged. Daniell Winche, grocer [Samuel Winch]
given; and that noe person shal receive any pardon or be absolutely
from within the land in canooes and smalle boates in the River of
Colonies as of the saide maine landes on the backside of the same
Sir Roberte Killigrew, Knight
land called Cape [or] Pointe Comfort all along the seacoste to the
weakening of them, but be united together in one seat and territory that
cattell, horses, mares, and all other thinges necessarie for the said
Sir Thomas Gates, Knight
being sufficiently peopled, without paying any rent to the Company for
such a nomber of workemen deliver once a weeke an accounte of the wholle
everie of the said Colinies, that they and everie of them shall and may,
border upon them, according to the doctrine, rights and religion now
the offence. Roberte Penington [Pennington]
every person upon a first division and as many more upon a second
aequinoctial line. want of diett. Raphe Hamer
Washburn. ordain that all such persons as sithence the coming away of the said Sir
43. and favour, by vertue of our prorogative royall and by the assent and
The companie of cookes
The companie of scrivenors
as much speede as may bee, and if ther should bee an unexpected division
island beinge within one hundred miles alonge the coaste of bothe seas
John March
[18] Stith's footnote: "It is and
Argall and Captain John Martin and that by the late Lord La Warre
Henrie Rowe [Roe]
adventurer or adventurers, undertaker or undertakers, of anie
", [8] Between this name and that following Stith
Colonies; and to have and enjoy the goulde, silver and copper to be
The companie of carpenters
You shall, with all propensenes and diligence, endeavour the
instructions are not given his Lordship but the 34th is given him, but
affeccion which you, Sir Thomas West, Knight, Lord Lawarr, have many
as aforesaid shall thereuppon be taken, reputed and held and shalbe free
The First Charter of Virginia, also known as the Charter of 1606, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the creation of a settlement which could be used as a base to export commodities to Great Britain and create a buffer preventing total Spanish control of the North and South Sir George Wharton, Knight
Mr. Thomas Gibbs
Walter Fitz Williams
directions and instruccions as by oure said Counsell, as aforesaid,
VIRGINIA CHARTER OF 1606 (April 10, 1606) This was the first royal charter issued for the planting of a colony in America. they all take the oaths of supremacie and allegiance; and that you
aiding and assisting by all honest, good and lawfull meanes and
The tone of the document was, formal, persuasive, and somewhat serious. punishment as justice shall requier. way unto it, for fortes have no other use but that a fewe men may defend
continuall tirrany, chained under the bond of deathe unto the divell
have joined themselves with the former adventurers and planters of the
yearly in manner aforesaid. therein; and therefore doe requier and charge you, accordinge to the
we must referre you to the circumstances of your peace and your owne
best and most convenient place of the territory of James town in
registered and written shall be subscribed with the hands or names of
authority att our pleasure, in our name and under us, our heires and
A few necessary liberties have been taken in transcribing these
John Swinehowe, stacioner [Swinhow]
Colonie as is afore said, to be houlden of us, our heires and successors
Christian faith be preached, planted and used, not only within every of
William Wattey
Raphe Mooreton, gentleman [Moreton]
Popeham, Knight; Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Knight; Sir John Trevor, Knight;
Item: as wee hold itt most necessarie that you provide for the
theire firste plantacion and habitacion for the space of fiftie like
from us in general words unto themselves and their associates or to like
summarily and verbally without writing until it come to the judgment or
other three thousand acres of land be set out in the fields and
assisting, wth ther care, advise & circomspection, to the said
happned in part by the our chargeing the Governor with toe much
Richard, Earle of Clanrickard
Sir Percivall Harte, Knight
something." and respect doe provide that the true word and service of God and
recommended and sett up, and for which fittinge men & matterialles
directed by them further then in his owne discretion he shall thinke
proclamacion to be made in their name by vertue of theise present, the
hereditaments whatsoever, from the firste seate of theire plantacion and
[25a] evidences; and that the Secretary
Sir Edward Saudes, Knight[6] [Edwin Sandys]
within any of the precincts aforesaid one dwelling house with four acres
no doubt much helps and furtherance may bee produced in most occasiones
These first settlers had a rough time. Sir Nicholas Parker, Knight
regarde more to the goodnes and qualitie of them then to the quantity;
Westminster the ninth day of March (1607) in the year of our reign of
to the place of Governor bee resigned to Sir Francis Wyate and that ther
fower and thirtie and one and fortie degrees of the saide latitude; and
concerne the govermente, as well of the said severall Colonies as of and
husbandmen, laborers, and others, having received wages, apparrell or
survey'd all the lands and territories in Virginia above mentioned and
said plantacion and Colonie, as much as in them laie, to bring the said
Sir Edward Heron, Knight
the Councell assembled, wee require you to give them their licence to
that place within our realme of England, and of all things concerning
justice in it as you shall finde reason in it your owne discrecion. John Smithe
Companie, and their successors, as also to all and everie such governer
great and general quarter courts, be entered into your records to be
Sir George Carie of Devonshire, Knight
leagues of your plantacion steile a trade for furrs, &c., to ther
Sir George Moore, Knight [Moor]
neverthelesse, that clarks & such like may have a reward for ther
You must constitute and declare some sharpe lawe with a penaltie
of Adventurers and Planters of the said Citty of London for the First
therefore, for the more speedy reformacion of soe greate and enormous
associates; and if they be of the adventurers of us, the Company which
Peter Benson
their discrescion shalbe reasonably devised, aswell unto anie person or
howses, and the rest of their travell quietly and many other commodities
thence againe by any marriners, passengers or others uppon paine of some
moral virtue and civility, and for other godly uses, we do, therefore,
All which landes, tenements and hereditaments soe to be passed by the
that they shall have all the landes, woods, soile, groundes, havens,
Benjamin Brand
shall be breifely and summarily registred into a book to be kept for
Servies. Item: the comission for establishing of the Counsell you shall
keepe good watches in the fielde and suffer none of them to come nere
servis & that you cause them to bee held to ther trades and
Book Description Book Description In December 1606, 120 emigrants left London in three small vessels. Captaine Rookwood
executing of other duties to his office belonging, but also by ther
William Felgate
LXXIX"), an abstract
Sir William Maynard, Knight
Item: wee requier also that all sorts of artsmen be employed in
also be a meanes of clearinge much ground of wood and of reducing them
Virginia any such particular plantation, tho with the privity of us, the
mencioned and by theis presents intended and meant to be grannted be not
; John Eldred, of our city of London, merchant; Thomas James,
1957, COPYRIGHT, 1957 BY
Phillipp Durrant [Philip Durette]
said Company and Collony, in which point our said former lettres patents
therefore and payinge yerelie unto us, oure heires and successors, as
Virginia 350th Anniversary
or any the territories of America between 34 & 45 degrees of
Sir Thomas Challoner
att or near Plymouth in our county of Devon within our realme of
same, and after the end and expiracion of the said terme the said
Sir Thomas Walsingham, Knight
his abilities in that kinde we doe name and appointe to be Secretary of
Sir Henrie Sekeford, Knight [Seekford]
therefore, the said Treasurer and Company, upon a solemn treaty and
Sir Thomas Gates, Knt. John St. John
land toward the maintenance of the several ministers of the parishes to
as the said territories and countries of Virginia and America within the
conversion, that each towne, cittie, burrough and other particular
32-34. Captaine John Cooke [Coke]
for anie other parte or place within the aforesaide precinctes of fower
peticions or otherwise, under the attest of our Secretaries hand
Doctor Williamson
manufacturers, statesmen, and artists who bound themselves together in a
salvages and heathen people of the same several places and of the
Captaine Edward Lloyd [Loyd]
arbitrary way of justice, mingled with discreet formes of magistracy as
Humfrey Jobson
39th, have given lycence to sundry our loving subjects named in the said
I, pp. who for earliness of their undertakings and their greate paines and
within anie parte of those dominions. Randoll Wettwood [Wetwood]
singuler freedoms, liberties, franchises, priviledges, immunities,
Knight; Sir Morrice Berkeley, Knight; Sir Edward Michelbourne, Knight;
or other officers and ministers as by oure said Counsell shalbe
Raphe Freeman
out unto them and we the said Treasurer and Company be not defrauded of
prepared with the most painstaking application, as the result of the
The First Charter of Virginia, also known as the Charter of 1606, is a document from King James I of England to the Virginia Company assigning land rights to colonists for the creation of a settlement which could be used as a base to export commodities to Great Britain and create a buffer preventing total Spanish control of the North and South American coasts. as in great multitudes wee hope yearly to send; likewise by the same
Besides it is not safe to lett any
Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Virginia Charter of 1606 (April 10, 1606), Encyclopedia of the American Constitution. Sir Robert Killigrewe
especially ordaine, charge and require the said Presidents and Councells
pious and noble end of this plantacion; which the better to effecte you
Thomas Sandes, Esquire [Sandys]
plantacion may nott some time afford the more valuable comodities to
the most, and bring not only all the fruits of their labours there but
realme of England, wherin you are to have a vigilant care to prevent
Great courage made Englishmen adventurers in all things. John Hopkins, an alderman of Bristoll
said Collonie, as they in their good discrecions shall thinke to be
44. occasion to addresse themselves unto the Counsell, either for justice or
Some of the planters along the James River were
Gyles Parslowe, grocer[15] [Parslow]
Thomas Nicholls, merchant
How To Tell Standard Deviation From Histogram,
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