the 1989 loma prieta earthquake quizlet

What was the magnitude of the Loma Prieta earthquake? [2], Fifty-seven of the deaths were directly caused by the earthquake; six further fatalities were ruled to have been caused indirectly. xwTTwz0z.0. Expert Answer. [16], The contrasting characteristics of the 1906 and 1989 events were examined by seismologists Hiroo Kanamori and Kenji Satake. The region is now home to hundreds of thousands of people, who wo, Executive Summary However, experts claim that more people would have died had it not been for the World Series as many were watching the game rather than sitting in traffic on freeways, where most of the casualties occurred. The focus is on products that provide situational awareness immediately after significant earthquakes. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report Earthquake Engineering Research Institute", "After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt and the scars are hidden deep below the surface San Francisco Chronicle", "Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections", "25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed LiveScience", "You're Looking at One for the Ages Here", Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning, 1978 American League East tie-breaker game, 1980 National League West tie-breaker game, 1995 American League West tie-breaker game, Kirby Puckett's 1991 World Series home run, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (Tony Bennett song), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake&oldid=1152555700, 1989 natural disasters in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles needing additional references from October 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 April 2023, at 23:21. Two plates moving past each other in opposite directions. [81], The earthquake changed the Bay Area's automobile transportation landscape. Unlike other nearby (high gain) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by the large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity. How many people did the bridge collapsing kill? Because much of the slip in 1989 occurred at depth and the rupture propagated up dip, Beroza proposed that the overlying San Andreas Fault actually inhibited further rupture and also maintains that the occurrence of an event at the location that was forecast by the WGCEP in 1988 was coincidental. %PDF-1.5 % Highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California, For the 1989 earthquake that affected the San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay regions, see, List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Exhumation history of the Sierra Azul Block of the Santa Cruz Mountains Revealed Using Low Temperature Thermochronology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loma_Prieta&oldid=1141161086, Mountains of Santa Clara County, California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox mountain with language parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 17:40. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake) and later led an investigation into that event. The so-called Negro Leagues __________ players of whom any team would have been proud. [19] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) turned people who were homeless prior to the earthquake away from homeless shelters and provided shelter for those with homes prior to the earthquake. [1][15], The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. Limited phone service remained online, providing a crucial link to rescue workers. Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), An open repository of earthquake-triggered ground-failure inventories, Understanding earthquake hazards in urban areas - Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project, Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits, Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana, Liquefaction and other ground failures in Imperial County, California, from the April 4, 2010, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Tacoma Fault Zone A plausible scenario for the southern Puget Sound region, Washington, The MW 7.0 Haiti Earthquake of January 12, 2010: USGS/EERI Advance Reconnaissance Team Report, Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California, Use of liquefaction-induced features for paleoseismic analysis - An overview of how seismic liquefaction features can be distinguished from other features and how their regional distribution and properties of source sediment can be used to infer the locat, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Strong ground motion and ground failure. $O./ 'z8WG x 0YA@$/7z HeOOT _lN:K"N3"$F/JPrb[}Qd[Sl1x{#bG\NoX3I[ql2 $8xtr p/8pCfq.Knjm{r28?. A quake of comparable magnitude struck the southern Puget Sound region about 1,100 years ago, and similar earthquakes are almost certain to occur in the future. [100] Fans reported that the stadium moved in an articulated manner as the earthquake wave passed through it, that the light standards swayed by many feet, and that the concrete upper deck windscreen moved in a wave-like manner over a distance of several feet. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Earthquake in Loma Prieta, California 1989 William, Harkins, Susa at the best online prices at eBay! With an Mw magnitude of 6.9[10] and a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), the shock was responsible for 63 deaths and 3,757 injuries. [71] Because of new highway structure design guidelines the requirement of ductile construction elements instituted following the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, a limited degree of earthquake reinforcement was retrofitted to the Cypress Viaduct in 1977. Here is a brief list. [83] Damage to the region's transportation system was estimated at $1.8 billion (equivalent to $3.9 billion today). [75] Instead of rebuilding Interstate 880 over the same ground, Caltrans rerouted the freeway farther west around the outskirts of West Oakland to provide better access to the Port of Oakland and the San FranciscoOakland Bay Bridge, and to meet community desires to keep the freeway from cutting through residential areas (at the time the original viaduct was constructed, West Oakland was predominantly occupied by African- and Hispanic-Americans). At the time of the Loma Prieta earthquake, the Berkeley The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on Californias Central Coast on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake was an earthquake that took place in the San Francisco Bay Area. Web30 years ago, the Loma Prieta earthquake shook for 15 seconds and changed the Bay Area forever. Land use zoning, Unit 311 - LO 4 - Understand the prevention a, Unit 311 - LO 3 - Understand factors that inf, Unit 311 - LO 2 - Understand the scientific b, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. With an Mw magnitude Other damage included cracked walls and foundations and broken underground pipes. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The quake caused the Oakland side of the bridge to shift 7in (18cm) to the east, and caused the bolts of one section to shear off, sending the 250-short-ton (230t; 500,000lb; 226,800kg) section of roadbed crashing down like a trapdoor. The earthquake took the lives of many, leaving thousands injured. [50], At the intersection of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco, a natural gas main rupture caused a major structure fire. In the 19th century, the peak was called Mount Bache, a name given in honor of Alexander Dallas Bache; the name is no longer in use.[4]. San Jose International Airport,[77] Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning. tqX)I)B>== 9. However. Significant earthquakes that have been accompanied by surface fault rupture and/or soil liquefaction occurred in this region in 1892 (M7.1), 1915 (M6.3; M7.1), 1930 (M5.7), 1940 (M6.9, The U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating scientists have recently assessed the effects of a magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Tacoma Fault Zone in Pierce County, Washington. Having boasted a magnitude of 6.9, it is the biggest to hit the region in 34 years 23 Apr 2023 11:55:14 [41] KGO-TV, the local ABC station in San Francisco, was off the air for about 15 minutes, while KRON-TV (at the time the region's NBC affiliate) was off the air for about half an hour,[42] and KGO-AM (ABC News Radio) was off the air for about 40 minutes. Pacific Rim, bRise of magma from hotspots, such as those that formed the 6 of 239 7 of 239 In this photo taken Oct. 17, 1989, a pick up truck sits on the Cypress freeway in Oakland, Calif., after it collapsed during the Loma Prieta earthquake. [32] Many other communities sustained severe damage throughout the region located in Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, San Benito, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties. Liquefaction occurring beneath buildings and other structures can cause major damage during earthquakes. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Spent $80 million on seismic retrofit, in 1995. Provide food and shelter for other Rush-hour traffic on the Bay Area freeways was lighter than normal because the game, being played at Candlestick Park in San Francisco, was about to begin, and this may have prevented a larger loss of life, as several of the Bay Area's major transportation structures suffered catastrophic failures. Seismologists quickly determined that the epicenter of the October 17 earthquake was in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near a peak named Loma Prieta (in Spanish, dark hill). The added elements were longitudinal restraints at transverse expansion joints in the box girder spans, but no studies were made of possible failure modes specific to the Cypress Viaduct. The third earthquake, a 2.7, occurred at 1:59 p.m., according to the USGS. 89 Is there nickel in the Golden Gate Bridge? Local History. It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. October 17 marks the 33-year anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that jolted the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989. [68] Employees from Pacific Pipe drove heavy lift equipment to the scene and started using it to raise sections of fallen freeway enough to allow further rescue. WebIn the 1989 Loma Prieta quake, the Marina District building collapses were extensive, and numerous destructive fires broke out, due to all but which one of the following? WebFootage of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake which took 63 lives, injuried around 2,700+ and caused 6 Billion dollars in damage. a broadband seismometer and a strong-motion instrument in order to The probability curves were based on complementary cumulative frequency distrib, Liquefaction features can be used in many field settings to estimate the recurrence interval and magnitude of strong earthquakes through much of the Holocene. [74], Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 so that it would comply with safety and reinforcement standards. The Loma Prieta Earthquake struck at 5:04 PM, October 17, 1989. How were the English colonies affected by events occurring in Europe? Rim of Fire is derived from the, a.Rise of magma that was melted in subduction zones along the What was the rating on the Mercalli Scale? From 1976 through 1990 amateur astronomer Donald Machholz set up his telescope an average of 120 times a year on the south slope of this mountain to search for comets. ", "Forecasts of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake", "Main-shock and very early aftershock activity", "1 Dead as 5.1 Quake Jolts Bay Area: Man, 19, Leaps to Death in Panic; Damage Minor", "Near-source modeling of the Loma Prieta earthquake: Evidence for heterogeneous slip and implications for earthquake hazard", "Broadband study of the source characteristics of the earthquake", "Profile of mortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner and medical examiner reports", "Out of the Rubble. [37] For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. The units consist of alluvial fan, beach ridge, river delta topset and foreset beds, eolian dune, point bar, flood basin, natural river and alluvial fan levees, abandoned river channel, deep-water lake, lagoonal, We calculated liquefaction potential index for a grid of sites in the Evansville, Indiana area for two scenario earthquakes-a magnitude 7.7 in the New Madrid seismic zone and a M6.8 in the Wabash Valley seismic zone. For example, the 1964 Niigata earthquake caused widespread liquefaction in Niigata, Japan which destroyed many buildings. Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks. some of the seismometers displayed non-linear effects from the strong Is it safer to be in a cave during an earthquake? Oakland City Hall was evacuated after the earthquake until a US$80 million (equivalent to US$175 million today) seismic retrofit and hazard abatement work was completed in 1995. How old is Golden Gate Bridge? A section of the bay bridge collapsed, which had already been scheduled for retrofitting the next week. Guardians of the City. The largest recorded earthquake-induced offset in a well is a one meter rise. These features include dikes, craters, vented sand, sills, and laterally spreading landslides. Alum Rock area, Coalinga seismic zone and the Mammoth Mountain earthquake swarm areas are individually highlighted. A. When the quake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. Ten Years After: First in a week-long retrospective of the Loma Prieta quake", "Claim Settled in the Only Quake Death, Injury on Bay Bridge", "25 Years Since Loma Prieta: Santa Cruz Journalist Has Photographic Memories of 1989 Quake", "89 quake: Wake-up call for Bay Area buildings", "Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Measurements Near the Epicenter of the M, "Loma Prieta Earthquake: 15 years later. Here we look back at the Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1989 World Series: The Loma Prieta earthquake was on Oct. 17, 1989. Highway 17 was blocked for several weeks by a large slide and one person was killed by a rockfall along the coast. Farther away from the Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a parking structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center, a two-level shopping mall in Santa Clara County. Helping with clean up and debris removal [57] The four oldest were built in 1894, the five oldest withstood the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. And studied it. Loma Prieta and other nearby mountain peaks are pushed upward by local collision forces associated with a left bend in the San Andreas fault. Michaels: Yes, it certainly did! grassroots elite basketball ; why does ted lasso have a southern accent . ; Muni relied on diesel buses to continue abbreviated service until electric power was restored later that night, and electric units could be inspected and readied for service on the morning of October 18. 0000001995 00000 n [58] Santa Cruz beach lifeguards assisted in moving the victims. There were no seismic activity in that area for years, therefore tension built up over a very long period, resulting in an earthquake. How much did they receive from the government in aid? T. CBS News also began coverage around that same time with coverage from its San Francisco affiliate KPIX-TV. Experts say many more people would have died had it not been for the 1989 World Series. report remains one of the most frequently cited claims of a specific earthquake precursor; more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or,[29] even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction. Because of that, it is sometimes called the "World Series Quake". WebForewordThe 1906 Great San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) each motivated residents of the San Francisco Bay [28] The Fraser-Smith et al. [70] When the earthquake hit, the shaking was amplified on the former marshland, and soil liquefaction occurred. The catastrophic natural disaster also struck the. Between 1910 and 1989 there were 20 widely varying forecasts that were announced, with some that were highly specific, covering multiple aspects of an event, while others were less complete and vague. Central California. WebThe Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989-- hydrologic disturbances : strong ground motion and ground failure The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989-- Marina District : strong ground motion and ground failure The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989 : lifelines [8][14], The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI (Strong). How does the USGS tell the difference between an earthquake and a sonic boom? amplitude information until the What was the total cost of the earthquake? The Loma Prieta earthquake caused a great deal of destruction in San Francisco, amassing to about $6 billion in damage repair. 20km How deep was the focus? This Fact Sheet describes post-earthquake products and tools provided by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) through the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. Eastbound drivers stuck on the lower deck between the collapse and Yerba Buena Island were routed up to the upper deck and westward back to San Francisco. [8][13], The ML 5.3 June 1988 and the ML 5.4 August 1989 events also occurred on previously unknown oblique reverse faults and were within 3mi (4.8km) of the M6.9 Loma Prieta mainshock epicenter, near the intersection of the San Andreas and Sargent faults. along the Pacific Rim, d.Rise of magma along transform boundaries, 1)b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill There is nothing different about a cave that would make it immune to the shaking from an earthquake. The duration of a typical M6.9 shock with a comparable rupture length would have been about twice as long. No surface faulting occurred, though many other ground failures and landslides were present, especially in the Summit area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. 0000004794 00000 n [35] Two police officers crawled through voids in the debris, found one victim alive and another dead inside the coffee house. The failure of a 1.25-mile (2.0km) section[68] of the viaduct, also known as the "Cypress Structure" and the "Cypress Freeway",[22] killed 42 and injured many more. 60 members of Oakland's Public Works Agency left the nearby city yard and joined rescue efforts. Loma Prieta (the peak just right of center) and other nearby peaks are festooned with television broadcast towers and other communication towers, serving the Santa Clara Valley. How many years did it take to rebuild and retrofit the Cyprus freeway? [23][51][67] Caltrans removed and replaced the collapsed section, and re-opened the bridge on November 18. Qf Ml@DEHb!(`HPb0dFJ|yygs{. Example 1. 2 )A __________ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause We expect Because it happened during a national live broadcast of the 1989 World Series, the annual championship series of Major League Baseball, taking place between Bay Area teams San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics, it is sometimes referred to as the "World Series earthquake", with the championship games of the year being referred to as the "Earthquake Series". Liquefaction probability curves that predict the probability of surface manifestations of earthquake-induced liquefaction are developed for 14 different types of surficial geologic units. 0000004685 00000 n was felt extensively over the area: This earthquake has been extremely well-studied and numerous [5] From the perspective of Loma Prieta and other mountains atop the Sierra Azul block, the Pacific Plate is trying to shear them off the North American Plate but can't break them off. Problem 3: The east span of the San Francisco-to-Oakland Bridge was damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. For the latter event, peak ground accelerations range from 0.13 gravity to 0.81 gravity, sufficiently high to be of concern for liquefaction. It happened on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. local time. Webarmenian population in los angeles 2020; cs2so4 ionic or covalent; duluth brewing and malting; 4 bedroom house for rent in rowville; tichina arnold and regina king related The earthquake happened during one of the games of the 1989 World Series. [37] The Ford's department store in Watsonville experienced significant damage, including a crack down the front of the building. [9], While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) farther to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (Violent). WebIf the Loma Prieta (M 6.9) trace looks smaller, it is because the 1906 (M 7.9) earthquake released approximately 16 times more energy: Because we have much more extensive information about the ground motion that accompanied the 1989 earthquake, we can work backwards and infer what the ground motions must have been like in 1906. [43][44] KCBS-AM (CBS News Radio) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. Having boasted a magnitude of 6.9, it is the biggest to hit the region in 34 years. 00:04 UTC in the Santa Cruz Mountains of The development of robust and widely applicable models requires access to numerous inventories of ground failures triggered by earthquakes that span a broad range of terrains, shaking characte, The region surrounding Evansville, Indiana, has experienced minor damage from earthquakes several times in the past 200 years. The World Series was delayed while the Bay Area started the recovery process. [39], Following the quake, an estimated 1.4 million people experienced power losses that were mainly due to damaged electrical substations. The earthquake caused over 67 deaths. built on bedrock, b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill. [28] The measurement instrument was a single-axis search-coil magnetometer that was being used for low frequency research. WebLoma Prieta (from Spanish loma-hill, prieta-dark) is 3,790 feet (1,160 m) high and is the highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California. The relatively high seismic shaking level required for their formation makes them particularly valuable as records of strong paleo-earthquakes. Magnitude 3 [45], KNBR-AM (the designated station for the Bay Area's Emergency Broadcast System at the time) failed to communicate a catastrophe with the activation and instructions of the Emergency Broadcast System to the public after the quake because the engineering department at KNBR experienced major technical malfunctions and difficulties. [54][55] The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that included ground-floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building. Cooperative Institute for Deep Earth Research (CIDER), Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), One month of seismicity following the Loma Prieta mainshock, Background seismicity for the Loma Prieta region, Monthly and annual seismicity for the Loma Prieta region, 16 km ( 10 miles) ENE ( 61 degrees) of Santa Cruz, CA, 22 km ( 13 miles) WSW ( 244 degrees) of Morgan Hill, CA, 34 km ( 21 miles) S ( 177 degrees) of San Jose, CA, 47 km ( 29 miles) N ( 5 degrees) of Monterey, CA, 71 km ( 44 miles) S ( 188 degrees) of Livermore, CA, 91 km ( 57 miles) SSE ( 158 degrees) of Oakland, CA, 95 km ( 59 miles) SSE ( 150 degrees) of San Francisco, CA, 100 km ( 62 miles) SSE ( 159 degrees) of Berkeley, CA. Where was the police station, hospital and fire station placed? The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. ", "Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country", "Buildings Demolished in Downtown Santa Cruz as a result of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989". The first is that the geometry of the San Andreas Fault goes through a transition every several thousand years. 30 years later, we revisit the earthquake through the eyes of the scientists who experienced it. Prediction NBC Sports commentators Bob Costas and Jimmy Cefalo discussed the effect the temblor would have on the 1989 World Series. This page was last changed on 29 June 2022, at 18:10. Three scenarios were presented that might explain this disparity. The network put up a green ABC Sports World Series technical difficulties telop graphic while it scrambled to repair the video feed (the broadcast cameras and mics were powered by the local power supply), but audio from the stadium was restored after a few seconds via a telephone link: Al Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air We are in commercial, I guess. Rather, the resulting transpression force pushes up the local terrain and helps explain why these are the highest peaks in the Santa Cruz Mountains.[6].
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